The Etymology of Words and Their Histories

The Etymology of Words and Their Histories The derivation of a word alludes to its starting point and authentic turn of events: that is, its soonest known use, its transmission starting with one language then onto the next, and its adjustments in structure and importance. Historical underpinnings is likewise the term for the part of phonetics that reviews word narratives. Whats the Difference Between a Definition and an Etymology? A definition mentions to us what a word means and how its utilized voluntarily. A historical underpinnings reveals to us where a word originated from (regularly, yet not generally, from another dialect) and what it used to mean. For instance, as indicated by The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, the meaning of the word calamity is an event causing boundless decimation and pain; a disaster or a grave incident. Be that as it may, the derivation of the word calamity returns us to when individuals generally accused extraordinary disasters for the impact of the stars. Catastrophe initially showed up in English in the late sixteenth century, in the nick of time for Shakespeare to utilize the word in the play King Lear. It showed up by method of the Old Italian word disastro, which implied negative to ones stars. This more established, mysterious feeling of catastrophe gets more obvious when we study its Latin root word, astrum, which likewise shows up in our cutting edge star word stargazing. With the negative Latin prefix dis-(separated) added to astrum (star), the word (in Latin, Old Italian, and Middle French) passed on the possibility that a calamity could be followed to the detestable impact of a star or planet (a definition that the word reference lets us know is currently outdated). Is the Etymology of a Word Its True Definition? Not in any way, however individuals some of the time attempt to make this contention. The word historical underpinnings is gotten from the Greek word etymon, which implies the genuine feeling of a word. Be that as it may, in actuality the first importance of a word is regularly not quite the same as its contemporary definition. The implications of numerous words have changed after some time, and more established faculties of a word may become phenomenal or vanish altogether from ordinary use. Catastrophe, for example, no longer methods the malicious impact of a star or planet, similarly as think about no longer way to watch the stars. Lets take a gander at another model. Our English word pay is characterized by The American Heritage Dictionaryâ as fixed remuneration for administrations, paid to an individual all the time. Its historical background can be followed back 2,000 years to sal, the Latin word for salt. So whats the association among salt and compensation? The Roman history specialist Pliny the Elder discloses to us that in Rome, an officer was paid in salt, which in those days was generally utilized as a food additive. In the long run, this salarium came to imply a payment paid in any structure, typically cash. Indeed, even today the articulation deserving at least moderate respect shows that youre trying sincerely and procuring your pay. Notwithstanding, this doesnt imply that salt is the genuine meaning of pay. Where Do Words Come From? New words have entered (and keep on entering) the English language from multiple points of view. Here are the absolute most basic strategies. BorrowingThe dominant part of the words utilized in present day English have been acquired from different dialects. Albeit the greater part of our jargon originates from Latin and Greek (regularly by method of other European dialects), English has acquired words from in excess of 300 distinct dialects around the globe. Here are only a couple examples:futon (from the Japanese word for bedclothes, bedding)gorilla (Greek Gorillai, a clan of bushy ladies, maybe of African origin)hamster (Middle High German hamastra)kangaroo (Aboriginal language of Guugu Yimidhirr, gangurru , alluding to a types of kangaroo)kink (Dutch, bend in a rope)moccasin (Native American Indian, Virginia Algonquian, similar to Powhatan mksn and Ojibwa makisin)molasses (Portuguese melaã §os, from Late Latin mellceum, from Latin mel, honey)muscle (Latin musculus, mouse)slogan (adjustment of Scots slogorne, fight cry)smorgasbord (Swedish, actually bread and butter table)whiskey (Old Irish uisce, water, and bethad, of life)Clipping or ShorteningSome new words are basically abbreviated types of existing words, for example outside the box from autonomous; test from assessment; influenza from flu, and fax from copy. CompoundingA new word may likewise be made by consolidating at least two existing words: fire motor, for instance, and babysitter.BlendsA mix, additionally called a portmanteau word,â is a word framed by blending the sounds and implications of at least two different words. Models incorporate sulked, from mo(tor) ped(al), and early lunch, from br(eakfast) (l)unch.Conversion or Functional ShiftNew words are frequently framed by changing a current word starting with one grammatical form then onto the next. For instance, developments in innovation have empowered the change of the things organize, Google, andâ microwaveâ into verbs.Transfer of Proper NounsSometimes the names of individuals, spots, and things become summed up jargon words. For example, the thing dissident was gotten from the name of an American cattleman, Samuel Augustus Maverick. The saxophone was named after Sax, the last name of a nineteenth century Belgian family that made melodic instruments.Neologisms or Creative CoinagesNow and afterward, new items or procedures move the production of altogether new words. Such neologisms are normally fleeting, never at any point making it into a word reference. By and by, some have suffered, for instance quark (authored by writer James Joyce), galumph (Lewis Carroll), anti-inflamatory medicine (initially a trademark), grok (Robert A. Heinlein). Impersonation of SoundsWords are likewise made by likeness in sound, naming things by copying the sounds that are related with them: boo, bow-stunning, tinkle, click. For what reason Should We Care About Word Histories? In the event that a words derivation isn't equivalent to its definition, for what reason would it be a good idea for us to think at all about word chronicles? All things considered, for a certain something, seeing how words have created can show us a lot about our social history. What's more, contemplating the chronicles of recognizable words can assist us with reasoning the implications of new words, accordingly improving our vocabularies. At long last, word stories are frequently both engaging and intriguing. To put it plainly, as any adolescent can let you know, words are enjoyable.

Pricing Decisions Problems

Portray a skimming cost and an infiltration value Skimming and entrance estimating are two methodologies for the formation of better benefits. These procedures are utilized by the organizations discharging new items and requiring advancement of the showing up merchandise. Infiltration valuing depends on the contribution of lower costs for the new items so as to pull in purchasers and make client base.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Pricing Decisions Problems explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The primary hindrance of entrance cost is that its slow development after some time may prompt the loss of clients. Skimming evaluating is a technique comprising of three stages. Each stage has diverse item value, the main cost is the most elevated and afterward it bit by bit goes down. This system is appropriate for notable brands and depends on the pursuit after in vogue items. On the off chance that the brand isn't sufficiently grown, this system wi ll fail. Alba and Gavigan are a superstar couple, so their item would be the focal point of customers’ consideration immediately, despite the fact that skimming cost may not work on the grounds that the item isn't a design property, it is about the wellbeing and government assistance of children, so the clients would be centered around picking brands they trust over the ones that are stylish. Offering an infiltration cost and afterward bit by bit raising it might divert a few clients, yet since the item truly is of acceptable quality, this danger can be dodged if The Honest Company figures out how to win numerous faithful customers. Thusly, the couple is prescribed to go with the entrance value; this will make notoriety and help win the trust of clients. Remember that the cost ought not be low, however available; something else, the clients may begin to question the nature of products. Since Alba and Gavigan are situated at the making of legit business and keeping up long haul benefits, entrance cost is the best approach. The VIP status of the entrepreneurs will fill in as a generally excellent advancement apparatus for The Honest Company. Along these lines, the organization ought to expect high deals immediately, and after the clients begin to value the items, devotion creating procedures can be applied to keep and even expand the size of The Honest Company’s client base. Moreover, this procedure fits into the organization picture foreseen by Alba and Gavigan. Their business gives great quality every single common item for babies at a reasonable cost. This system will make sure about their business from losing customers in the long term. Finally, to continue expanding their benefits after some time, the entrepreneurs may begin to build the cost for their products progressively. Infant food and cleanliness showcase is where the clients care about the nature of the items the most.Advertising Looking for coursework on business financial aspec ts? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is the reason once an organization wins a notoriety of a reasonable and solid business their client base size will turn out to be consistent or even win more purchasers prepared to follow through on greater expense for better quality items. What cost would you offer on the off chance that you should win the venture? As the proprietor of a little structure organization ready to offer on an administration contract for the structure of a passerby walkway in a national park during the coming winter and contending with three different bidders I have made a few figurings. Above all else, I attempted to appraise the inexact most minimal offering obstruction for every one of the bidders dependent on my rival insight; along these lines, the principal bidder has the least offering cost of $397980, as their steady expenses surpass those of my organization by 10%, the second bidder’s most mi nimal offering cost would be $435200, and the third bidder’s hindrance is $484000, the most reduced offering cost of my organization is $428800, yet since my ability use is moderate, the organization would not relegate the most minimal value conceivable and neither would my first and second contenders. The principal bidder has the most noteworthy limit use rate, so they are probably going to offer the most elevated sum conceivable, which is for them roughly $442200 (gradual expense in addition to half), thusly to win the undertaking my organization needs to offer higher than $428800 and lower than $442200. The contrast between the offer of my organization and the main bidder must be critical in light of the fact that the primary leader is the buyer’s relative, so my last offering cost would gauge $435000. Since it is an administration contract that accept no additional costs, the purchaser is probably going to have extremely generally safe resilience and $7200 distinct ion would be sufficient to break the family ties. To amplify my normal incentive from the commitment to this venture I would allot a more significant expense of $455600 (gradual expenses in addition to 70%) on the grounds that my ability usage is moderate. With this value I would at present have a decent opportunity to win the task in light of the fact that the primary bidder is a little and wasteful plant and they don't care for winter contracts. The bidder number three is somewhat costly, additionally, the chief there is searching for an advancement and plain government contract is not really a route towards that for an inventive contender from an enormous and effective plant. At last, the subsequent bidder appears to have indistinguishable costs from my organization, yet they don't acknowledge muddled and badly arranged employments and their chief is searching for a new position, which fills in as a solid de-propelling variable concerning the achievement of winning this project.A dvertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Pricing Decisions Problems explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This coursework on Pricing Decisions Problems was composed and put together by client Grace Stevens to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

11 Audiobooks to Help You Lose Your Audio Virginity

11 Audiobooks to Help You Lose Your Audio Virginity The Audiophiles  is  a regular column in which contributors Rachel S. and Cassandra chat about the latest and greatest audiobooks on their radars. RSH: Cassandra, now that our dirty little audiobook secret is getting out (i.e. we like audiobooks), audio-curious readers have been coming out of the woodwork in droves. Do you know what that means? CN: I need to have more membership cards printed! Or, maybe, that we should take some time to tell them about the very best books to get started with.  We’ve already dished on our first times. It only makes sense that we help to make their first times as memorable as possible. RSH: Ding! Cue Marvin Gaye’s Let’s Get It On. For the brainy set, I can’t think of a better way to pop your audiobook cherry than with Sarah Vowell, so Assassination Vacation is my first pick. I go weak in the knees for non-fiction, humor, and first-person narrative, making Sarah a triple threat and me the cheapest audiobook date ever. You have to love that Assassination Vacation is about her own road-trip-cum-pilgrimage of presidential assassinations, interspersed with smart-alecky anecdotes about a) the free-love, cultish origins of the Oneida silverware company, and b) Stephen Sondheim’s Assassins musical with its heart-wrenching ballads about the woes of being a presidential murderer. Assassination Vacation is just such a great story, which is the key to a great audiobook, and Sarah’s awesome deadpan voice skyrockets her wry, witty writing to the next level.  Oh, and did I mention that the audio features cameos by Conan O’Brien, Stephen King, Dave Eggers, Catherine K eener, Jon Stewart, Daniel Handler, and David Rakoff? Mmmhmm. Yeah. CN: I just cannot do nonfiction, in print or in audio. No matter how fascinating it is. Just. Can’t. Do. It. I think an excellent place to start in the world of fiction is with a good mystery or fantasy. They tend to be on the shorter side, and they don’t require the same intense level of concentration necessary for something like, say, BLEAK HOUSE. A great beginner’s book would be John Scalzi’s Red Shirts. It’s short, hilarious, and narrated by the amazing Wil Wheaton. It’s a riff on the Star Trek universe, where the poor extra in the red shirt is always the one that doesn’t survive the away mission. Except, this time, those extras have figured it out and will do anything to survive. Or there’s Neil Gaiman’s The Graveyard Book, which is very sweet, somewhat scary, and narrated by the author himself (it’s not a secret that I am a HUGE Gaimanite). It was inspired by Kipling’s classic The Jungle Book, except that the boy lives in a graveyard and is raised by ghost s. What’s your pick for a short, sweet, and satisfying fictional listen? RSH: Haha, I’ll go on a date with fiction if you give nonfiction another chance! Deal? My fiction choice for the audiobook virgin goes to Naked by David Sedaris. Because, let’s be real, David would be the first to admit that at least half of his stories are totally made up, and I love him for it. When first trying out audio, I say go for the greatest hits, and on this front Naked delivers. Who doesnt like America’s most beloved comic essayist? Naked is packed with snarky stories about David’s martini swilling mother, awkward trips to nude beaches, and the sting of first adolescent love, all narrated in his distinctively NPRish voice. I especially love this on audio because his sister Amy performs all the female roles: crabby elementary school teachers, Greek grandmothers, suburban housewives, you name it. Even though you might find Naked on the nonfiction shelves at your library, it totally reads like a novel. I promise. And best yet for the audiobook newbie, its an easy, bre ezy three hours. What other picks do you have up your sleeve to deflower the audio-curious? CN:  I see how you avoided giving me a straight answer. I’ll consider giving non-fiction a chance, if you’ll hold up your end of the bargain and listen to fiction. If you’re looking for a kick-ass female narrator, then other good, short starter books include B.A. Shapiro’s  The Art Forger, read by Xe Sands, and Sara Henry’s  Learning to Swim, narrated by Suzanne Toren. Both are mysteries, but there’s nothing too cozy about them. They have a lot of depth, and so do the performances given by those narrators.  So good! For a longer title, and one with a sci-fi edge, I’d go with Daniel O’Malley’s  The Rook, narrated by Susan Duerden.  It is highly engaging, and probably the best audiobook I listened to last year. I am eagerly awaiting the sequel, and if the audio is not released on the same day, I will save myself until it is. I can’t imagine having it any other way! RSH: Kick-ass female narrator? You know me too well. And I was wondering if you would call me out on my fiction pick. OK, OK, here’s a real one for you. It’s not really my favorite, but I’m way in the minority here, so it definitely deserves a spot on our list. If political thrillers and post-apocalyptic horror are more your style, Max Brooks  World War Z might just be your perfect audio aphrodisiac. It’s a multicultural oral history complete with bio-warfare, cannibalism, and a 40 member all-star audio cast that includes Alan Alda, Martin Scorsese, and John Turturro. People are just nuts for it.  My last sure bets for fabulous first-time audiobook listens would have to be Tina Fey’s Bossypants (read by herself), Douglas Adams The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy  (from BBC Radio), and J.K. Rowlings  Harry Potter read by Jim Dale. 11 audiobooks for 11 different bookish proclivities I think that’s a wrap! Be safe and have fun out there, kids. You’re in good hands. Bom chicka wah wah ________________________ Sign up for our newsletter  to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis,  follow us on Twitter,  like us  on Facebook,  and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in  iTunes  or via  RSS.  So much bookish goodnessâ€"all day, every day. Sign up for Audiobooks to receive the latest from the audiobooks world. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.