Reading Skills Of Grade 6 Students From Immaculate...

Clustering as a Prewriting Activity: Effects on the Writing Skills of Grade 6 Students from Immaculate Conception Academy Writing is a literacy component that allows students to communicate their ideas in a coherent and fluent manner. Writing captures the vivid imagination of the writer when all of his abstract ideas are organized in an interesting and cohesive essay. Writing becomes an effective tool in preserving the students’ creativity and reflective writing styles. Therefore, when students produce well-written and organized essays, these essays are products of a tedious and deeply personal process of thinking. The importance of writing encompasses even outside the realms of the classroom as it is a crucial skill students must develop so they will be able to gain communicative competence. However, writing and writing instruction have become a challenged to both students and teachers. As writing is taught in all English subjects, one central issue is the difficulty of tea ching students how to write. Writing simply becomes a way to complete a grade. Writing is not simply instructing the students what to write and think since they have difficulty organizing their ideas. Writing is taught as a process that will train students to think coherently and consolidate their ideas properly. Therefore, students must be equipped with the writing skills set forth in the English K to 12 Curriculum Guide (Department of Education 2013) which states that Grade 6 students should be ableShow MoreRelatedWriting Is An Effective Tool For Preserving The Students Creativity And Reflective Writing2345 Words   |  10 PagesWriting is a literacy component that allows students to communicate their ideas in a coherent and fluent manner. Writing captures the vivid imagination of the writer when all of his abstract ideas are organized in an interesting and cohesive essay. Writing becomes an effective tool in preserving the students’ creativity and reflective writing styl es. Therefore, when students produce well-written and organized essays, these essays are products of a tedious and deeply personal process of thinking.Read MoreFS 1 portfolio10152 Words   |  41 PagesIligan City FS-1 Portfolio The Learner’s Development and Environment First Semester A.Y 2014-2015 In Partial Fulfillment Field Study 1 Rachel Shayne A. Besangre Student Mrs. Terencia R. Arnejo Instructor October 2013 I. Acknowledgement I am very much thankful to the teachers, faculty, student and parents who helped me and gave me ideas that inspired me and touched me deeply, without them I could not finish this partial fulfillment of Field Study. I also thank the schoolRead MoreThesis: Violence and Mass Communication7788 Words   |  32 PagesEffects of Exposure to Media Violence to the Psychological Development of the High School Students of Bulacan State University- Laboratory High School A Thesis Proposal Presented to Ms. Marjorie Miguel College of Arts and Letters Bulacan State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Communication Arts II For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communication Major in Broadcasting By Calara, Jerica Mae S.P. Mendoza, Justine Mary Robert A. NavaltaRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesand prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich ParisRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesmarketing channel distribution, and entirely new patterns of employee recruiting, development, and training. In addition, product and services launches increasingly require more effective development initiatives. Rapidly increasing numbers of new offerings—from Web-oriented modules to credit cards—are being commoditized in months or even weeks instead of the periods of years on which companies had counted for cash flow. Increasingly demanding consumer and industrial buyers are basing their purchasing decisionsRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesstrategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth – and often providing ‘solutions’ to some of the problems or difï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classic cases on the Companion Website. These are a selection of cases from recent editions of the book which remain relevant for teaching. The case studies are intended to serve as a basis for class discussion and not as an illustration of either good or bad management practice. They are not intended to be a comprehensive

Pablo Picasso Guernic Importance Of The Work - 1439 Words

Luigi Vittatoe Professor Rockford Sansom HUM1021 Integrated Arts October 14, 2015 Pablo Picasso Guernica Importance of the work From a patron’s point of view, Guernica is a powerful tool that shows the absolute power of art in society. It displays a sign of relevance in the use of art to communicate serious matters and helpful ideas. Most people may view artwork as things for entertainment; some have been quoted to say artists are crazy, somewhat lazy. It should be appreciated and understood clearly that the artists are people of sound mind who sees things in the environment and chose to articulate critical human issues using their creativity. Picasso; the artist, seemed to be bound by many challenges in his life, just like any other person. He was tortured by the brutal civil wars that were in his motherland (Spain). The political wrangles went overboard and transformed into brutal killings. The forces from the Republicans that were loyal to the ruling new government went embattled by the fascist coup that was organized by General Franco. Contrary to his promises of stability and prosperity in Spain, Franco delivered abundant destructions and deaths. Guernica is thus important work at the time when it was created. Should we say it is up to date? Of course yes. The prevailing at that time required a candid and brave way to say enough is enough to the atrocities that were engulfing Spain. Picasso chose the initiative although after being disturbed for almost three months by

Ethical Consumerism to Political Consumption.Geography Compass

Question: Describe about the Ethical Consumerism to Political Consumption.Geography Compass? Answer: Introduction: In recent times a large number of consumers are becoming ethically conscious about almost everything, the food they eat, the products they purchase and the services they receive. According to the ethical consumers the products that they purchase must be environment friendly, proper techniques of production, abides by the labour standards and maintaining the human rights within the process of production. Ethical consumerism is the thriving issue states the different companies engages in ethical trading activities. There are consumers who not only care about the price and quality of the products but are also concerned in the way the products have been made (Hudson, Hudson and Edgerton, 2013). In this regard the environmental impact, rights of the workers and violation of any laws must be considered when the production is commenced. The ethical consumers want to make their purchase ethical and meaningful as ethical issues is the self identity of the ethical consumers. The ethical decisi on of the consumers depends on their purchasing decision which is reflected through the individual philosophies and personal values (Kelly, 2003). The ethical decision of an individual is based on the personal beliefs of what is wrong and right. Suppose that there is a fair trade label on the product which implies that the product has been derived from developing countries where the companies value the workers rights and the welfare of the consumers. Ethical consumerism is of two types the positive buying and the moral boycott. The positive buying refers to the ethical purchase of the consumers rather than on self interest (Kramer, 2006). The aim of the research is to identify the ethical consumer purchase behavior in one of the leading supermarket in the UK which is Tesco. To be more specific, the research does not deal in the quantification of the ethical product and service expenditure rather it offers a qualitative analysis to the purchasing behavior of the consumers in the UK. The objectives of the research are: To determine the ethical practices of Tesco. To understand the consumers preference for the ethical products. To evaluate the availability of ethical products in the stores of Tesco To analyze the challenges associated with The research questions that the researcher needs to address in this study are: What are the current ethical practices of Tesco? What are the factors that influence the purchasing decision of the consumers? In what ways do the products of Tesco identified as ethical? What are the problems and controversies associated with the ethical practices of Tesco? Literature Review Introduction Ethical consumerism is practiced in Tesco to understand its social responsibility. The literature review provides certain information that will help understand the current position of Tesco and the tools that are used for ethical consumerism and way it influences the purchasing decisions of its consumers. The information on the ethical consumers is gathered, and the behavior as per different studies of ethical consumerism is analyzed. The research study also explores the discussion of social and empirical practices, policies and sciences, which relates to sustainability. The research focuses on the consumer motivation, narratives and behaviors with relation to theoretical, social and political factors (Anon, 2015). During the research, it can be found that some tools exist which will assist the consumers to make sustainable and ethical purchasing decisions. The research shows that Tesco is incorporating ethical consumerism in its business practices, which is done by its program Trading Fairly. The Trading Fairly program is the key element of Tesco, which ensures the promise of the company to sell products and buy stocks responsibly. It influences the consumer behavior ethically. As per Holbrook and Cooper-Martin (2009) ethical customer behavior is defined as the decision of the consumers to obtain or consume products as per their ethical concerns and values (Clarke, 2008). Review Structure The literature review has a clear structure. The entire structure of the review depends mainly on the research area. It should be grouped together, and varying opinions on the research topics should be contrasted and compared. This can be done by discussing what one writer has to say about the topic and then comparing it with the ides of another writer. As per Jesson, Matheson and Lacey (2011), the topic areas, research questions and controversial issues should support the research review. In each of this section, various literature arguments should be connected with the research purpose. The structure of the literature review focuses on the factors that influence the purchasing structure of the consumers (Barnett, 2011). Factors influencing the buying pattern of the consumer Consumers when went to buy a product, they associate and identify with those companies that has some ethical values as well as their purchasing decision gets influenced by environmental values. The reason for which the consumers choose to purchase products from the company is depended largely on their religious values, environmental factors, and political beliefs. Vaananen and Lindeman (2011) say that religious beliefs of the consumers influence their acceptability of the products. The authors further said that the environmental factors include environmental safety and sustainability, and the political beliefs include the political position of the country to which the consumer belongs. The research shows that the environmental factors make the biggest impact on the consumer's buying decision (Anon, 2015). Logical Progression An effective review can be constructed based on a logical and coherent progression of different ideas into an accumulated form. The literature review should be accomplished by following ways- Processing the problem related to the research; Looking for new inquiry lines; Avoiding ineffective methods; Recognizing research recommendations; Gaining practical knowledge; Differentiating the actual results from the desired results; Achieving new viewpoint; Determining significant applicable variables; Connecting theories and ideas to functions; Reducing the effects of the setback; Setting the research with relation to a historical framework; Showing expertise with latest developments (Culiberg and Bajde, 2012); Conceptual Model The objective of the research is to recognize the features that decide the intention of the consumers to buy products from the retail shops of Tesco. However, the study of the literature it can be found that the company is practicing ethical consumption in its operations. By assessing the buying intention of the consumers, the research tries to find the factors, which lead to the purchase of the products from Tesco. The desires of the consumers to select and purchase the products contribute to the improvement of the ethical consumption (Ethical consumerism to reptile welfare: views aired at welfare forum, 2011). The factors, which are included in conceptual model, are- Significance of price, Concern of consumers regarding the product composition and health, Availability of the products in the market (competitors), Ethics of consumer, and Demographic factors (moderating factor) (Ethicalconsumer.org, 2015) The research hypothesis was based on the five factors. Some of the research questions involved the following- How Tesco is making a positive impact on the health of the consumers? How the safety norms followed by the company influences the consumers buying intentions? How the consumer ethical issues influence the consumers buying intentions? How the lack of ethical consumerism can adversely affect the company? How ethical consumerism can maintain long run sustainability for Tesco? (Gunderson, 2013) Tools Analysis and Research In the research, it can be found that there are certain tools that will assist the consumers in carrying out sustainable and ethical buying decisions in the company. These tools can be found online and are used to get more information on definite objectives and practice to analyze and understand that information thoroughly. After gathering more information and analyzing tools, several weaknesses and gaps can be found. The tools are used to consider all the parts of sustainability. The research will help in creating a new idea, which will help implement the research tool to assess ethical consumerism in Tesco. These tools used to define the logical progression of the review (Hamelin, Harcar and Benhari, 2013). While creating the research tool, certain guideline indicators are used which help consumers to be more ethical and sustainable. The guideline indicators are categorized into three types that are- Indicators are shown as the relative measures and stages of use. Indicators are shown in the absolute figures form. Indicators are shown as whether the goals are achieved or not (Harbin, 2012). Critical Thinking The review conveys the critical analysis of the writer. Critical analysis or thinking is defined as a methodical way to shape the thinking in a written format. It functions in an exact and purposeful way. Some of the characteristics required in the critical thinking are- The critical thinking is guided by the intellectual standards, which are accuracy, relevance, clarity, precision, breadth, and depth. Without the proper guidance of the intellectual standards, thinking can never reach quality. Effective thinking helps in developing the intellectual characteristics of the thinker. Intellectual characteristics include intellectual integrity, intellectual humility, intellectual empathy, intellectual perseverance, intellectual self-discipline and intellectual knowledge (Henn, 2000). Critical thinking involves in identifying the Thought Element, which will help in thinking about any possible problem. It helps in making logical connections between the problem and the factors. The following factors that can be asked in the critical thinking review are- Purpose of thinking; Point of view of thinking; Information used in the process; Way of interpreting the information; Ideas or concepts related to the thinking; Conclusions are drawn from the thinking; Assumptions took to draw the conclusions; Implication made from the conclusions; Consequence if the thought is put into action (Jesson, Matheson and Lacey, 2011). Sources of the Literature Review When the literature is constructed then, secondary sources are required. Secondary sources are the data sources, which are available in the form of archives, library, and data available in databases and the internet. The research analysis is based on the literature available from all these sources. The researcher research questions or hypothesis is carried out based on the literature available in reports, articles, and manuscripts. The sources also include many bibliographies, indexes, dictionaries, handbooks, encyclopedias, manuals, electronic databases, Internet portals and manual. Some of the information type and reference source followed in the research analysis are- Current information- Newspaper, websites, news magazine; Current information (technical) - Technical, empirical and professional peer-reviewed journals Current information (professional) - Technical, empirical and professional peer-reviewed journals Local Information- Organizational documents, local newspapers, etc; Company Description- Company websites and websites related to the companys details (Lewis and Potter, 2011); The critical tool includes the bibliographic record, which is needed to be constructed for the research purposes. The bibliographic records help the analyst keep track of information, sources, and insights. Some of the bibliographic records are- Subjects- The subjects involved in the research are described. Citation- Complete and accurate bibliographic heads should be given, and the referencing style is followed. Problem and Purpose Description- The research summary includes the summarization of all the circumstances and problems, which are then reviewed. It includes the research hypothesis or questions. Conclusions and results - The conclusions are made by the researcher, based on the results found in the research work. The results are the findings that could be found in the research work. The major difference between the conclusions and result is, the conclusion is professional judgment, and a result is the findings (Tesco.com, 2015). When the literature process is started, the entire bibliographic database is used. In the bibliographic database, each record is in the form of bibliographic citation from a journal article, newspaper article and most common used source, books. The searching of bibliographic databases includes the internet use, which are- Locating the relevant database for the research questions and hypothesis; Constructing search string from the search conventions; Refining the search string with better and relevant citations and web pages; Keeping the backup of the reference list; The literature process is depended on the acquaintance with different literature databases and sources that are used in the professional practice. The bibliographic databases include Westlaw, Newsbank, ProQuest, etc. Search engines like the Google Scholar of Google can also be used for citation sources (Thomas, 2011). Decision Model The current position of the research analysis can be defined. In accordance to Rob Harrison, the four factors, which make a huge influence on the purchasing decision of the ethical consumers are- Campaign Groups: They provide important tools for the consumers, like labels, which will assist the consumers with certain information. The information given in the labels need to be checked as well as updated, and any unethical practices should be avoided. Governments: They inform the consumers by creating legislation, certifying, and publishing relevant data and information. The government norm helps in improving ethical consumerism (Thompson and Coskuner-Balli, 2007). Specialist Consumer Publications: They inform the consumers by three key sources. The key sources are expert ethical consumer associations, campaign group periodical, and mainstream consumers organization. Private Sector: They influence the consumers by the mainstream companies as well as alternative companies. Mainstream companies can develop new trend or fashion, which can draw the attention of the consumers. On the other hand, the alternative consumers give identity, which is important for the ethical consumers (Vaughan, 2012). Conclusion A conceptual framework is established in the research analysis. The literature review starts with the introduction of ethical consumerism is practiced in Tesco to understand its social responsibility. The research shows that Tesco is incorporating ethical consumerism in its business practices, which is done by its program. The entire structure of the review depends mainly on the research area. After discussing the research structure, the factors influencing the buying pattern of the consumer are determined. Then the logical progression of the research work is shown. The conceptual model describes the objective of the research that is used is to recognize the features that decide the intention of the consumers to buy products from the retail shops of Tesco. The information and analyzing tools are collected, and several weaknesses and gaps are found. The tools are used to ensure sustainability in the review. The critical analysis or thinking is used which can be defined as a methodical way to shape the thinking in a written format. Then the various sources, which can be used in the research, work and the way it is used in the study is evaluated. Finally, the decision models, which can influence the purchasing decision of the ethical consumers, are evaluated (Uusitalo and Oksanen, 2004). Research Methodology: In the collection of information on the ethical purchasing behavior of the consumers in Tesco was commenced by conducting survey and interview among 500 consumers who frequently visit the Tesco stores. The convenience sampling was conducted for the selection of the data. There are two approaches to conduct the research. The first is the inductive approach and the second is the deductive approach (Hudson, Hudson and Edgerton, 2013). The deductive approach is more appropriate for the research as it establishes a connection between the theory and the research in natural way (Denk, 2010). The researcher has to deduct a hypothesis which is the best way to collect the empirical data. On the other hand, the inductive approach collects the data which is in compliance with the relevant theory. In this research the research has selected the deductive approach of research rather than the inductive research approach. Data Collection Methods: There are several methods through which the research can be done. The quantitative method is the distant approach which is considered by the researcher as the data and information collected can be quantified for the analysis of the ethical consumerism in Tesco. The data is collected using the simple method of sampling and numerical conclusions. The qualitative method is more appropriate for this type of research as it helps to understand the perceptions of the consumers in terms of ethical choice (International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory Practice, 2012). The research is commenced through the methods which assemble empirical data and information derived from the area of the study. Both the methods of data collection help to determine the empirical data and can be used for the different aspects. This research will utilize both the types of methods of data collection; qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The focus of this research is on the qualitat ive data collection through the interviews. The quantitative research has been done through the survey conducted among the 500 consumers of Tesco. The survey is conducted using the questionnaires and the qualitative data is collected through the structured interviews. The questionnaires contain several questions on ethical consumerism and the choice of the products by the consumers in Tesco. The questions are close ended with five responses such as strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree. Implementation: The data collection which is used on this research is of two types the primary data and the secondary. The primary data is collected directly from the source of the information which is in this case obtained for the consumers of the Tesco. The secondary data is collected from several other sources like from the websites of the company, from journal articles, magazines etc. Primary Data: The primary data collection is commenced through the different forms of observations like interviews, questionnaires and focus groups. The researcher has used semi-structure interviews and questionnaires. The interviews are conducted before the questionnaires which will the researcher to understand the consumer response in better ways. The interviews conducted were based on semi-open questions which were found to be appropriate for the study. This semi-open question was suitable as the research demanded to understand the thinking and perception of the consumers. The interviews were recorded and transcribed to gather opinions and comments of the respondents. The perception that was aimed to obtain through this research is the ethical consumer purchasing decision and behavior (Clarke, 2008). Secondary data: Secondary data collection is done through relevant literature review from the articles and literature. Important books have also been used for the research. The relevant information about the ethical practices by the Tesco and other relevant data are used by the researcher in this study. Sample Group: The semi-structured interviews were conducted among 500 consumers of the Tesco. The sample group of the consumers was in the age group 22-30 years. The interviews had different perceptions about the research area and the concepts about the ethical consumerism within the Tesco. The interview was conducted at a store of Tesco in the UK. The questionnaires were distributed through the social network websites to the respondents of different age group, cultural and different ideas about the ethical consumerism. The sample group is comprised of 305 respondents due to certain restraints the 500 consumers were dropped down to 305. In this case some of the consumers were not willing to participate in the research, some of them did not respond to the interview questions and the others who participated in the interview but could not answer the questions accurately was not included in the research. This means that out of the 500 consumers only 305 responses could be considered by the researcher. Critics of the method used: The criticisms for this method are many and can be analyzed by the comparison of different types of methods. Some critics are of the view that the research could have been conducted in different other ways that is through the telephonic interviews, focus group or group interviews. The focus group interviews are more important as they establish interaction between the interviewees and the interviewer (Devinney, Auger and Eckhardt, 2010). The method of data collection can also be criticized on the grounds that it is complicated to analyze and summarize for the research. It has also been evident from Jacobsen (2002) that consumers are more comfortable to participate in face-to-face-interviews rather than telephonic interviews. The positive aspect of the data collection method is that it is less time consuming and less expensive for the researcher (Wilkinson, 1998). The sample group considered in this case lies in the age group of 22-30 which means that the middle or the old age are excl uded from the survey. The focus of the data collection was on the individuals who are financially stable. Critics of the sources used: The primary data collected from the consumers were found to be relevant as it coincided with the perceptions about the ethical consumerism. The secondary data collected from the literature and articles and scientific journals were proved to be relevant but some of the journal articles could not be accessed due to the financial reason (Gunderson, 2013). It can be said that only accurate and relevant information has been considered by the researcher for this study. Data Analysis: The data obtained using the structured interviews and questionnaires were analyzed using the likert five point scales. The data analysis proved the number of respondents who have answered for strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree. The data so obtained would help to analyze the responses of the consumers regarding the ethical consumerism n Tesco (Yeow, Dean and Tucker, 2013). Reliability: The reliability of the results must ensure that the research should have been conducted in a manner that it can be repeated and trusted. It is relevant for the researcher to extract accurate information for the better management and completion of the results. According to Bellamy (2012) the reliability of the system of coding and measurement depends upon the type of data used in the research. If the same data used in different research and the results so obtained are same then the data are considered to be reliable (Preser, 2014). The researcher makes sure that if any other researcher uses the same type of data then the results obtained in this repeated research would yield the same interpretation. The researcher can use the internal consistency method for testing the reliability of the data used. For example, in this study some of the questions were designed in such a manner that some of them would yield the same response which proves that the questions were reliable to some extent. Validity: Validity ensures that the measurements used by the researcher would reflect the actual measure that the researcher wanted to prove. According to Bellamy (2012), the validity of the research is ensured by the accuracy of the statement formulated within the research. There are four categories of validity: Construct validity which ensures that the measurements allow attributing values to the research. Internal validity is described as the causality between the several data in order to understand the relationship of the data collection to be true. External validity refers to the identification of the generalization of the research and to ensure that the findings are true in other settings. Ecological Validity refers to the application of the scientific findings in the social and true setting. Ethics: The ethics is defined as the principles and values that are utilized by the researcher in order to conduct the interviews or any research activities. The researcher ensures that the ethics are considered while citation and referencing which must be properly done. The most important aspect of the ethics in the research is the healthy relationship between the researcher and the participants of the research. The researcher in this case must ensure that the participants are well informed about the research and the rationale of the research. In this regard the researcher are supposed to obtained consent from the participants and convince them that their information would be preserved and there shall not be any invasion of privacy or any act of deception while the research (Lewis and Potter, 2011). Conclusion: The ethical consumerism is the burgeoning issue of the consumer market. In recent times, more and more consumers are concerned with the ethical sourcing, production and distribution of the products and services they purchase. The aim of the study was to understand the ethical purchasing decision of the consumers in Tesco. The researcher had conducted interviews and surveys at the stores of the Tesco to analyze the perceptions and ethical decisions of the consumers. The validity, reliability and the ethics of the research are maintained by the researcher. References Clarke, N. (2008). From Ethical Consumerism to Political Consumption.Geography Compass, 2(6), pp.1870-1884. Denk, T. (2010). Comparative multilevel analysis: proposal for a methodology.International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 13(1), pp.29-39. Devinney, T., Auger, P. and Eckhardt, G. (2010).The myth of the ethical consumer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gunderson, R. (2013). Problems with the defetishization thesis: ethical consumerism, alternative food systems, and commodity fetishism.Agric Hum Values, 31(1), pp.109-117. Hudson, M., Hudson, I. and Edgerton, J. (2013). Political Consumerism in Context: An Experiment on Status and Information in Ethical Consumption Decisions.American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 72(4), pp.1009-1037. Hudson, M., Hudson, I. and Edgerton, J. (2013). Political Consumerism in Context: An Experiment on Status and Information in Ethical Consumption Decisions.American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 72(4), pp.1009-1037. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory Practice. (2012).International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 15(6), p.ebi-ebi. Kelly, J. (2003).Consumerism. Cambridge [England]: Grove Books. Kramer, J. (2006). Ethical Analysis and Recommended Action in Response to the Dangers Associated With Youth Consumerism.Ethics Behavior, 16(4), pp.291-303. Krupa, J. (2013). Shopping for good?: The perils of ethical consumerism.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 20(2), pp.248-249. Lewis, T. and Potter, E. (2011).Ethical consumption. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Preser, R. (2014). A methodology of damage.International Journal of Social Research Methodology, pp.1-14. Wilkinson, S. (1998). Focus group methodology: a review.International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 1(3), pp.181-203. Yeow, P., Dean, A. and Tucker, D. (2013). Bags for Life: The Embedding of Ethical Consumerism.J Bus Ethics, 125(1), pp.87-99. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com Money Ethical money [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.igd.com/Research/Sustainability/Ethical.../Ethical-Consumerism [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Barnett, C. (2011).Globalizing responsibility. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Clarke, N. (2008). From Ethical Consumerism to Political Consumption.Geography Compass, 2(6), pp.1870-1884. Culiberg, B. and Bajde, D. (2012).Consumer ethical decision making. Ljubljana: [B. Culiberg]. Ethical consumerism to reptile welfare: views aired at welfare forum. (2011).Veterinary Record, 168(22), pp.595-595. Ethicalconsumer.org, (2015).Ethical Consumer: the alternative consumer organisation. [online] Available at: https://www.ethicalconsumer.org [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Gunderson, R. (2013). Problems with the defetishization thesis: ethical consumerism, alternative food systems, and commodity fetishism.Agric Hum Values, 31(1), pp.109-117. Hamelin, N., Harcar, T. and Benhari, Y. (2013). Ethical Consumerism: A View From the Food Industry in Morocco.Journal of Food Products Marketing, 19(5), pp.343-362. Harbin, M. (2012).Concepts Elements of Sustainability. New Delhi: World Technologies. Henn, W. (2000). Consumerism in prenatal diagnosis: a challenge for ethical guidelines.Journal of Medical Ethics, 26(6), pp.444-446. Jesson, J., Matheson, L. and Lacey, F. (2011).Doing Your Literature Review. Los Angeles, Calif. ; London: SAGE. Lewis, T. and Potter, E. (2011).Ethical consumption. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Tesco.com, (2015).Tesco.com - online shopping; bringing the supermarket to you - Every little helps. [online] Available at: https://www.tesco.com [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Thomas, L. (2011).Religion, consumerism and sustainability. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Thompson, C. and Coskuner-Balli, G. (2007). Enchanting Ethical Consumerism: The case of Community Supported Agriculture.Journal of Consumer Culture, 7(3), pp.275-303. Uusitalo, O. and Oksanen, R. (2004). Ethical consumerism: a view from Finland.International Journal of Consumer Studies, 28(3), pp.214-221. Vaughan, T. (2012).Business ethics. Delhi: University Publications.

Marriage Relationships Essays - Religious Views On Birth Control

Marriage Relationships In marriage realtionships we expected to learn a number of things including the comprimises couple must make with respect to such things as careers, finances, and children. Our initial impressions were that couples must be willing to make these sacrifices in order to have a long and fulfilling relationship with their spouse. In our discussion on pre-marital sex we both agreed that it was fine as long as it was done responsibly, meaning with the use of contraceptives. We stressed contraceptives because we felt that it was important not only to protect against pregnancy but as well as sexually transmitted diseases. We did however experience one conflict. Laura felt that love and serious committment should play a major role in whether or not a couple should have sex prior to marriage. I on the other hand was a little "looser" on the subject. I felt that it should mean something but that there was too much emphazes being placed on serious committment. On the subject of contraception anf family planning we had no disagreements. We felt that before having children we must first be able to establish ourselves financially. So once our respective careers were settled upon we could then plan when we would have children. However, until we did decide to have children we agreed that contraception would be used. The discussion we had on which topics which couples should agree upon was filled with lots of disagreements. We agreed that couples should agree on topics such as issues concerning the children, and major career decisions. We began to disagree on the issues of finances and the distribution of housework. I felt that I should handle all the money as well as do my share of the housework. Laura however, felt that she should be in charge of the money and that I should do all the housework. In the end we weren't able to settle on anything but we realized that it was important for married couple to agree on these topics because they are major decisions that affect both equally. The time we spent together was on our lunches and we discussed different aspects for marriage. We realized that couples who were willing to comprimize on important issues were the couple that would be sucessful. The ones that didn't discuss the various problems which concerned them could never have lasting relationships. This is why we felt that marriage preparation courses are so important. People should not get involved in something as important a marriage without knowing what to expect of their partner and of what is expected of them.

Free sample - Anthropology. translation missing

Anthropology. AnthropologyAnthropology   refers   to   the   study of   human   beings   and   their   cultures.   This   study   cuts   across   the   natural   sciences,   humanities   as   well   as   the   social   sciences.   The main   focus   of   the   study   is   to   investigate   the   origin   of   man (Willigen, 1993).   It   deals   with   the   origins   of   homo   sapiens,   homo   sapiens   characteristics,   behavior,   how   evolutionary   past  Ã‚  Ã‚   of   homo   sapiens  Ã‚   affects   its   social   organization   as   well   as   culture   and   the   reason   for   differences   among   different   groups   of   people.   Anthropology   basically   has   four   subfields:   archaeology,   cultural/ social   anthropology,   linguistic   anthropology   and   physical/ biological   anthropology   (Strauss, 1963). Archaeology   is   a   subfield   that   is   concerned   with   the   study   of  Ã‚   the   material   remains   of   various   artifacts  Ã‚   such   as   buildings,   tools, and   pottery   of   different   communities.   This   study   aims   at   establishing   the   cultures   as well   as   the   cultural   evolution   of these   societies (Willigen, 1993).   The   professionals   involved   in   this   study   are   referred to   as   anthropological   archaeologists.   They   mostly   focus   on   the   prehistoric   cultures   since   they   have   not   been   documented   as   well   as   early   animal   domestication   and   metal   use (Willigen, 1993).  Ã‚   Anthropological   archaeologists  Ã‚   mainly   attempt   to   establish   several   things   from   the   artifacts   they   collect. They   at tempt   to   establish   the social   dispensation   of   the   culture,   the   relationship   of   this   culture   with   others   in   the   area,   the   nature   of   the   physical   environment   of   that particular   area   as   well   as   the   animal   and   plant   resources   of   the   area,   if   the   culture   under study   engaged   in   domestication   of   animals   and   plants,   the   people’s  Ã‚   religion,   population   size,   health,   and   technology ,  Ã‚   causes   for   cultural collapse   and   finally   the   reasons   for   cultural   evolution/change(Willigen, 1993) .   Biological/   physical   evolution   on   the   other   hand   is   concerned   with   the   biological   aspect   of   people.  Ã‚   It   further   attempts   to   establish   how   the   biological   nature   of   human   beings   relates   to their   cultural   practices,   evolution   as   well   as   their   environment (Willigen, 1993).   This   subfield   is   further   divided   into   three   main   branches   which   are:  Ã‚   paleoanthropology,  Ã‚   primatology,   and   the   study   of   modern   variation   as   well as   adaptation of   human   beings (Strauss, 1963).   Paleoanthropology  Ã‚   is   basically   concerned   with   the   study   of   human   fossils   as   well   as   their   close   relatives   while   primatology   focuses   on the   study   of   primates   such   as   humans,   ap es,   monkeys   and prosimians (Willigen, 1993).   References Strauss, C. (1963). Structural   Anthropology.   London: Oxford   University   Press Willigen, J. (1993)   Applied   Anthropology.   London:   Oxford   University   Press

The 100 Most Commonly Used Words in English

The 100 Most Commonly Used Words in English Listed here, according to the 100-million-word British National Corpus, are the 100 most commonly used words in English. Many of these words are function words: they glue pieces of sentences together into longer syntactic units.   Where needed, the part of speech is identified to distinguish different grammatical uses of the same word.   thebeofandain (preposition: in the old days)to (infinitive marker: to sing)haveitto (preposition: to the country)for (preposition: for you)Ithat (relative pronoun: the book that I read)youheon (preposition: on the beach)with (preposition: with pleasure)do (verb: I do)at (preposition: at school)by (preposition: by midnight)notthis (determiner: this page)butfrom (preposition: from home)theyhis (determiner: his job)that (determiner: that song)sheorwhich (determiner: which book)as (conjunction: as we agreed)weansay (verb: say a prayer)will (auxiliary verb: I will try)wouldcan (auxiliary verb: I can go)iftheirgo (verb: go now)what (determiner: what time)thereall (determiner: all people)get (verb: get busy)her (determiner: her job)make (verb: make money)whoas (preposition: as a child)out (adverb: go out)up (adverb: go up)see (verb: see the sky)know (verb: know a place)time (time: a time to laugh)take (verb: take a break)themsome (determiner: some money) couldso (adverb: I said so)himyearinto (preposition: into the room)itsthenthink (verb: think hard)mycome (verb: come early)thanmore (adverb: more quickly)about (preposition: about you)nowlast (adjective: last call)yourmeno (determiner: no time)other (adjective: other people)givejust (adverb: just try)shouldthese (determiner: these days)peoplealsowell (adverb: well written)any (determiner: any day)onlynew (adjective: new friend)verywhen (conjunction: when you go)may (auxiliary verb: you may go)waylook (verb: look here)like (preposition: like a boat)use (verb: use your head)her (pronoun: give her)such (determiner: such problems)how (adverb: see how)becausewhen (adverb: know when)as (adverb: as good)good (adjective: good time)find (verb: find time)

Supply and Demand in the steel industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Supply and Demand in the steel industry - Essay Example Demand and supply in a specific industry is perhaps one of the most debated and fundamental concepts in economics. In order for a market economy to function, it is critically important that producers should supply those goods and services that consumers want and are affordable to pay for them. In economic concepts, the term demand represents the willingness and ability of buyers to buy different quantities of a product or service, at different prices during a specific period of time (Arnold, 54). According to the basic theory of economics, people buy more quantities of a product or service at lower prices than at higher prices. The price and demand relation is well debated in the theories of economics. When price of a commodity decreases, it is assumed that consumers will buy more quantities of that product or service, and thus its demand increases. The term supply refers to the willingness and ability of producers to produce and sell different quantities of a goods or service at different prices for a specific period of time (Arnold, 66). According to economic theory of law of supply, the quantity supplied of a goods or service increases when its price increases. From the explanations given above, it is clear that demand and price is indirectly related whereas price and supply are directly related. There are many determinants of quantity supplied, but out of all the determinants, price plays pivotal role. The underlying assumption is that when the price of steel becomes high, selling steel become profitable and the quantity supplied, therefore, will be high. When it comes to the market, the interaction between supply and demand results one of the followings; excess supply, excess demand and equilibrium price or equilibrium quantity. Excess supply or ‘surplus’ is the conduction at which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded in the market. This excess supply occurs only when the price is above the equilibrium price.

Crime and Passion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crime and Passion - Essay Example Recognizing the fact that both positively and negatively disposed persons have their own frustrated needs that are actually motivating them to take different paths in life that they believe would lead hem to attaining the dreams that they have for themselves as well as for those who belong to them. As for this paper, the examination of the different paths that humans take depending on the life background that they have as the enhancers of the values that they utilize as basis of their actions. As for the cases noted in the articles analyzed in this paper, it could observed that the motivation of the humans utilized to reach to the status that they are at present resulted from decisions made from the idealisms that they believe in. The events that took place in their lives brought them to the kind of situation that they are in right now. For instance, in the text from the Sun Tabloid, it could be observed that Zoe, a newly chosen model, who emerged from a competition in Britain, noted that the tragic past that happened to her father brought her to a successful fight towards the fulfillment of her dreams.

Crime-free Children Today Essay Example for Free

Crime-free Children Today Essay Open a newspaper or switch on the radio for news and you will no doubt see a number of horrifying crimes reported there murder, rape and robberies are no longer surprising or shocking news to the Indian citizens. But what can shock us is the fact that most, at least a third, of the crimes committed in a year are by youngsters below the age of 18. Juvenile delinquency is increasing rapidly. A large part of the world’s children are in India. Children are often perceived as the epitome of innocence and naivetà © by most people. But the phrase â€Å"child-like innocence† can no longer be used, because the adolescents are one of the most violent age categories in the world. There are many incidences of crimes committed by the adolescents these days. The number of juvenile court cases are increasing and the crimes become more horrifying by the minute. There are increasing evidences of road rages, crimes against women, violence in school etc. all committed by teenagers. Parents and others involved in a child’s life are equally responsible for the child’s hostile behavior. The amount of violence in the adolescent’s day-to-day life plays a large role in this issue, too. The child’s guardians have to take time to understand this complex problem and try to solve it; but what most of the Indian parents do is say to themselves, â€Å"He/she will grow out of it,† and simply avoid the issue, hoping it is just a phase. But this ignorant way of treating the problem is the start of a life-long trouble that will not only affect the family, but also the society, because in most of the cases of aggressive juvenile violence, the adolescent grows to be a criminal, thus delaying the development and progress of the nation.  The family does not bother to think of what may be the cause of the child’s behavior. Violent mannerisms in children can include a wide range of behaviors: explosive temper tantrums, physical aggression, fighting, bullying, homicidal thoughts, use of weaponry, cruelty towards animals, destruction of property etc. Most of this is caused by the problematic upbringing of the child – parents who pamper and spoil their children or agree to the child’s tantrums are endangering the child’s future. The television and the media can also increase a child’s violent tendencies. A child tends to imitate what he observes and this is a huge problem in India, because Indian cinema often has its heroes resort to violence to bring down their opponents. This makes the child think that using assault and bloodshed to achieve one’s needs is fine. Video games lessen the child’s value for a human life, as most of them involve killing animated characters. Being a victim of sexual abuse, presence of firearms in the house and even head injuries during childhood can cause adolescent violence. Remember, violence always leads to violence. Now that most of the people and the Government of India are starting to recognize and address this issue, solutions have to be found and made accessible to the citizens. Parents have to look out for signs of intense anger, impulsiveness, irritability and cruelty in children and look for the reason. Feelings of revenge and vengeance should be discouraged; tell them what the Father of our Nation once said, â€Å"An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.† Make it clear to them that violence does not solve anything. Only clearheaded thinking can lead to good results. The amount of violence that the child is exposed to through media has to be restricted, but the media can also help by raising awareness and to show the children the adverse affects of violence. Developing a reading habit is also highly helpful in curbing a child’s hostility. Family conflicts, problems in school, discrimination by other children etc. should be found out and solved. Parents should not hesitate to consult a psychiatrist if necessary. Making the adolescent part of the Indian population is necessary because only calm and responsible children can grow into stable, responsible, patriotic citizens in the future. We should remember that it is the youth that will shape our country’s future. Every child is bright in his or her own way and it is the duty of the adults to keep the light burning, for the next generation will fulfill the dreams of our great leaders and lead our  nation to its victorious destiny only if our society is united, strong and nonviolent. Teach the children to follow the Mahatma’s policy, the motto that toppled the British, the strongest invading force of the past century: nonviolence.

Concert Report Essay -- essays research papers

CONCERT REPORT #1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I chose to do my first concert report on Pearl Jam. The concert took place at Deer Creek the weekend after class started, so it was perfect timing to do this assignment. This was the first time I have seen Pearl, and I thought it was worthy of writing a report on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If one has ever been a fan of Pearl Jam, they of course know that Eddie Vedder is the lead singer, and right beside him with his wicked lead guitar playing, Stone Gossard. The other guys on the strings are, Mike McCready on guitar, and Jeff Ament on bass. My favorite band player of any band is the drummer, and for Pearl Jam, this guy is Matt Cameron. He is the only unoriginal band member when they formed in 1991 and produced their first album, Ten. FYI, the original drummer for Pearl Jam was Dave Krusen. I have always liked Pearl Jam, but was not expecting much of the show. I was not impressed by their last two albums, especially their most recent one, Binaural. But, I had always wanted to see them live, and I was still a big fan of their first four albums, so off I went to see Pearl Jam. Their opening song was â€Å"Corduroy†, a song from their third album, Vitology. This is one of my personal favorites, because of simple reasons. I just like the words and the drums of the song. But I was not prepared for what I was about to hear. The beat of the drum bass was so deep, and the clash of the symbols was incredibly high. Every time I play th...

Anz Introduction

Recommendation It is recommended that ANZ Bank’s management should reconsider customer value proposition, reputation and security risk as a consequence of ANZ Bank recent outsourcing strategy. This report discusses three main issues that ANZ Bank’s management may have to consider if it is to enhance strength and core competency. Customer value proposition Firstly, as ANZ Bank has stressed that ‘becomes a super regional bank’ is a core strategy objective (ANZ 2012), ANZ will have to consider the potential effect for customer value proposition as a result of recent outsourcing strategy.It has been pointed that the problem of losing managerial control that may arise from outsourcing (RBA tells bank to go slowly 2012). Weerakkody and Irani (2009) suggest that the loss of managerial control may negatively affect the quality of service which will lessen customer value proposition. Based on Porters’ five forces, ANZ Bank is involved in a situation of a high bargaining power of customers (loyalty) and the threat of substitution (Porter 1980). Reduced customer value proposition will enhance power of customers and threat of substitution (Porter 1980).Opponents may suggest that outsourcing will contribute to emphasising competitive advantage (Mcivor 2011). The competitive advantage of ANZ Bank is trade and supply chain (ANZ Trade & Supply chain – A Competitive Advantage 2009). Focusing on competitive advantage will enhance customer value proposition (Piggott 2012). It will assist ANZ Bank achieve its business objective. However, ANZ Bank outsourced 50 jobs include a head of human resources, credit officers and business analysts (Wade and Hawthorne 2012). Fail to package requirements and manage contract efficiently will often result in poor performance and raising cost (Scott 2008).If poor quality services are provided and ANZ Bank fail to control this, customer value proposition will be negatively affected. Therefore, the risk of r educed customer value proposition is a significant issue that ANZ Bank should consider. Reputation The second significant issues facing ANZ Bank will be the reduced reputation in light of ANZ Bank sends jobs overseas (Wade and Hawthorne 2012). According to utilitarianism, ANZ Bank’s manager should make decisions not only based on responsibilities to the company and shareholders but also employees and society (Hartman and DesJardins 2006).Staff reduction in domestic industry will negatively impact unemployment rate. The less society responsibility will influence reputation. Applying SWOT analysis to this case, weaken the internal strength of the worthy brand will put ANZ Bank in a less competitive position (Agarwal, Grassl and Pahl 2012). Critics of this issue may suggest that outsourcing is a method for cost saving. Based on deontology, ANZ Bank’s manager has to make decisions on the basis of responsibilities to the company and shareholders (Hartman and DesJardins 2006 ).Outsourcing is an effective way to execute responsibilities. ANZ Bank (2012) announced that customer focus is a strategy to drive competitive advantage. Indeed, outperformance of customer service will enhance reputation ANZ Bank much more significantly than outsourcing. However, Waters (2012) pointed out that offshoring may cause workforce problem which will threaten the reputation of ANZ Bank. If ANZ Bank fail to outperform competitors with customer service, the reduced brand image may lead ANZ Bank lose market share.Hence ANZ Bank will have to consider the potential problem of reputation. Security risk The third issue that ANZ bank should aware of is security risk which can strongly affect success of outsourcing (RBA tells bank to go slowly 2012). Nassimbeni, Sartor and Dus (2012) suggests that as the foreign organisation may have less protect in a cultural and legal environment, the security risk become more relevant. The security risk increases as sensible data are available f or providers, intermediaries and sub-contractors (Nassimbeni, Sartor and Dus 2012).The outsourcing industry which builds relationship with ANZ Bank can make profit through selling customer information to ANZ Bank’s competitors. Based on value chain, leak of customer information will reduce value of service (Needle 2010). Customers may switch to competitors. It can be argued that there is a contract which would protect data and customer information. The contract is legal protection tool to constrain operators (Nassimbeni, Sartor and Dus 2012). However, even if there is a contract, it does not guarantee everything will operate smoothly.The level of legal and judicial environment will affect the effectiveness of contract (Nassimbeni, Sartor and Dus 2012). For example, Vodafone has been suffered customer privacy leaks. It leads Vodafone faces penalties of up to $250,000 (Sydney Morning Herald 2011). Therefore, it is very important for ANZ Bank to consider security issue. Conclusi on Therefore it can be concluded that ANZ Bank should reconsider customer value proposition, reputation and security risk in response to the recent outsourcing strategy. Reference List Agarwal, R. , Grassl, W. and Pahl, G. 012, ‘Meta-SWOT: introducing a new strategic planning tool’, Journal of business strategy, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 12-21, viewed 10 May 2012, Business Source Premier. ANZ, 2012, Our company: profile, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, Melbourne, viewed 6 May 2012, < http://www. anz. com/about-us/our-company/profile/>. ANZ Trade & Supply chain – A Competitive Advantage, 2009, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, Melbourne, viewed 6 May 2012,. Nassimbeni, G. Sartor, M. and Dus, D. 2012, ‘Security risk in service offshoring and outsourcing’, Industry management and data system, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 405-440, viewed 10 May 2012, Business Source Premier. Needle, D. 2010, Business in context: an introduction to busin ess and its environment, 5thed. , Cengage Learning, Andover. Hartman, L. and DesJardins, J. 2006, Business ethics: decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility, McGraw Hill, Sydney. Mclvor, R. 2011, ‘Outsourcing done right’, Industrial Engineer, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 30-35. Piggot, L. 2012, Introduction to business (BUSS1001), The University of Sydney, Sydney, 18 March, viewed 6 May 2012, < http://blackboard. econ. usyd. edu. au/ @@/81A8AC3019FFF9D178B10ACC0DBF3F0A/courses/1/BUSS1001_SEM1_2012/content/_559616_1/embedded/BUSS1001_Sem%201%2C%202012_Week%203%20Lecture. pdf> Porter, M. E. 1980, Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors, Free Press, New York. ‘RBA tells bank to go slowly’, 2012, Sydney Morning Herald, 29 March, viewed 6 May 2012, <

Ethical Perspectives

In the workplace, people at all levels of the organization are likely to encounter ethical dilemmas. An ethical dilemma is a situation where decisions have to be made that may be in conflict with one’s deeply held beliefs. Oftentimes acting in the best interest of the company requires considering the needs of others, not just one’s personal feelings. Understanding that personal beliefs cannot rule all workplace decision making, and in speaking of potential ethical issues, most people will state emphatically that they will assess each situation fully and only act when all the data has been gathered and a thorough investigation has been performed. However, the reality is that people make quick decisions that do not always take into account all affected parties, referred to as stakeholders.Tools have been developed to help people prepare for actual workplace dilemmas. One such tool is the virtual EthicsGame Dilemmas. The simulation consists of two problematic workplace sit uations. The Case of the Mysterious Roses revolved around a woman, Gayle Dornier, receiving anonymous roses at work and how it made her feel as though she was being stalked, which in turn made her feel unsafe in the office (University of Phoenix, 2013).The other scenario, the Case of the Cold Feet, involved a researcher, Dr. Waters, who wanted his superior to assist him in presenting the best data possible for a medical journal article (University of Phoenix, 2013). This would ordinarily seem to be a legitimate request; however, the supervisor was privy to information which indicated the results from the research were not as favorable as the article described. The purpose of the games are to help people determine who are the stakeholders and the possible outcomes using different perspectives, or lens, such as the rights/responsibilities lens, results lens, relationship lens, and reputation lens.The ProcessIn both situations, the steps used involved being attentive, which is when the issue is defined. In the Mysterious Roses case, the issue was ensuring that Gayle would be able to discuss what happened with her manager, while the manager maintained his/her responsibility to treat all employees fairly during the investigation. In the Cold Feet case, the issue was determining how to find the balance between dealing with the false data and preserving the reputation of the organization.The second steps involves being intelligent, which is the point at which the stakeholders are identified. Making decisions without first understanding which parties will be affected by the outcome would be irresponsible. There are two sets of stakeholders, primary and secondary. The primary stakeholders are anybody directly involved in the situation and the secondary stakeholders are those who are likely not to be affected directly, but if they are, it will be a blip in their life, whereas the primary stakeholders may suffer a loss of reputation, employment, or investment. The third step involves applying reason and using one of the lens techniques to determine which type of action will yield the best result.In the Mysterious Roses, the lens that worked best was the Rights/Responsibilities Lens, which is to tell Gayle that her issue can be kept confidential, but that it may have to be reported if it is a work-related problem. She should also be encouraged to review the Company Handbook before meeting with her manager to discuss the issue. This is a good decision from a risk to the company perspective as it ranks zero on a scale of zero to five. With the Cold Feet case, the best lens was the Reputation Lens, which was for the supervisor to inform the researcher, Dr. Waters, of his/her concerns regarding the data without alerting him to the fact that the information regarding the data had come from the junior researcher.This will give Dr. Waters time to admit what he did and possibly explain why. If he does not come clean, the supervisor should then make the gene ral counsel aware of Dr. Waters’ actions. This approach is somewhat risky as this could be elevated to a legal matter which would have to be shared with the public; therefore, it has a risk value of one on a scale of zero to five. These ethical perspectives were right in line with my views. As I was going through the simulation, there was an instance where my stance waivered, however, it was only when I was asked to make the decision that had the greatest good for  the greatest amount of people. When I went back to my true feelings on the matters, my decisions were always in line with what was considered the best option.Applying these Concepts to the WorkplaceBecause my true feelings regarding these situations were in line with what the simulation offered as the best possible solutions, I feel strongly that I will be able to effectively apply these concepts in my workplace. Successfully dealing with ethical dilemmas involves keeping a level head, determining the true issue, and then applying reason to identify stakeholders and work through the investigation process. These are skills I possess already and which will only improve over time with each ethical dilemma encountered.

School Violence1 essays

School Violence1 essays Violence in schools is a great concern in our society. The concern is heightened by the abundance of media coverage on a number of recent school shootings. With all of the news clips, sound bites, and Internet coverage swirling around in our heads, one might conclude that children are more violent today, than they were in recent years. But, school violence is not a new issue for the nineties; School violence has been around since the1950's, but then it was more an issue of juvenile delinquency than violent behavior. The difference between the two generations is that today student conflicts are more likely to be solved with the use of weapons. The fact is a gun is much more intimidating than a fist. There is nothing scarier than arriving at school afraid of what may happen next. Many students are faced with this problem everyday. Children should feel safe when they walk into school. Many people use violence as an expression to release feelings of anger or frustration. They think there are no answers to their problems and turn to violence to express their out of control emotions. Others use manipulation as a way to control others or get something they want. Violence is a learned behavior. Like all learned behaviors, it can be changed. This isn't easy, though. Since there is no single cause of violence, there is no one simple solution. The best you can do is learn to recognize the warning signs of violence and to get help when you see them in your friends or yourself. Teachers tend to believe that school violence is a result of sociological factors such as: lack of parental supervision, lack of family involvement and exposure to violence in the mass media. These factors could be traced to high divorce rates, both parents working and high availability of mass media, e.g. television, Internet, ect. Students who live in fear of violence, witness violent acts, or become victims of violence suffer an array of short-term and ...

The Definition of Mother Tongue Plus the Worlds Top 20

The Definition of Mother Tongue Plus the World's Top 20 The term mother tongue refers to a persons native language - that is, a language learned from birth. Also called a  first language, dominant language, home language, and native tongue  (although these terms are not  necessarily  synonymous).   Contemporary linguists and educators commonly use the term L1 to refer to a first or native language (the mother tongue) and the term L2 to refer to a second language or a foreign language thats being studied. Use of the Term Mother Tongue [T]he general usage of the term mother tongue...denotes not only the language one learns from ones mother, but also the speakers dominant and home language; i.e., not only the first language according to the time of acquisition, but the first with regard to its importance and the speakers ability to master its linguistic and communicative aspects. For example, if a language school advertises that all its teachers are native speakers of English, we would most likely complain if we later learned that although the teachers do have some vague childhood memories of the time when they talked to their mothers in English, they, however, grew up in some non-English-speaking country and are fluent in a second language only. Similarly, in translation theory, the claim that one should translate only into ones mother tongue is in fact a claim that one should only translate into ones first and dominant language. The vagueness of this term has led some researchers to claim...that different connotative meanings of the term mother tongue vary according to the intended usage of the word and that differences in understanding the term can have far-reaching and often political consequences. (Pokorn, N. Challenging the Traditional Axioms: Translation Into a Non-Mother Tongue. John Benjamins, 2005.) Culture and Mother Tongue It is the language community of the mother tongue, the language spoken in a region, which enables the process of enculturation, the growing of an individual into a particular system of linguistic perception of the world and participation in the centuries-old history of linguistic production. (Tulasiewicz, W. and A. Adams, What Is Mother Tongue? Teaching the Mother Tongue in a Multilingual Europe. Continuum, 2005.) Cultural power can...backfire when the choices of those who embrace Americanness in language, accent, dress, or choice of entertainment stir resentment in those who do not. Every time an Indian adopts an American accent and curbs his mother tongue influence, as the call centers label it, hoping to land a job, it seems more deviant, and frustrating, to have only an Indian accent.(Giridharadas, Anand. America Sees Little Return From Knockoff Power. The New York Times, June 4, 2010.) Myth and Ideology The notion of mother tongue is thus a mixture of myth and ideology. The family is not necessarily the place where languages are transmitted, and sometimes we observe breaks in transmission, often translated by a change of language, with children acquiring as first language the one that dominates in the milieu. This phenomenon...concerns all multilingual situations and most of the situations of migration.(Calvet, Louis Jean. Towards an Ecology of World Languages. Polity Press, 2006.) Top 20 Mother Tongues The mother tongue of more than three billion people is one of 20: Mandarin Chinese, Spanish, English, Hindi, Arabic, Portuguese, Bengali, Russian, Japanese, Javanese, German, Wu Chinese, Korean, French, Telugu, Marathi, Turkish, Tamil, Vietnamese, and Urdu. English is the lingua franca of the digital age, and those who use it as a second language may outnumber its native speakers by hundreds of millions. On every continent, people are forsaking their ancestral tongues for the dominant language of their region’s majority. Assimilation confers inarguable benefits, especially as internet use proliferates and rural youth gravitate to cities. But the loss of languages passed down for millennia, along with their unique arts and cosmologies, may have consequences that won’t be understood until it is too late to reverse them.(Thurman, Judith. A Loss for Words. The New Yorker, March 30, 2015.) A Lighter Side of the Mother Tongue Gibs friend: Forget her, I hear she only likes intellectuals.Gib: So? Im intellectual and stuff.Gibs friend: Youre flunking English. Thats your mother tongue and stuff.(The Sure Thing, 1985)

Childbearing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Childbearing - Essay Example This happens when the mother is drinking alcohol, smoking or using illegal drugs during pregnancy. As vulnerable as he is, the child has no choice whether or not to take these materials since the membrane wherein exchange happens is only a cell thick (Pillitteri, 2007) and minute breaks could surely allow the entrance of materials inside the growing organism's body. With this occurrence, the use of illegal drugs, alcohol and even tobacco smoking is highly discouraged to pregnant women. In the early 1990s, there is a very limited attention in law regarding this case. Though many have been challenged and litigated for using these discouraged drugs while carrying a child inside their wombs, many mothers have been saved. However, the case of Jennifer Clarice Johnson was unique among them. Among an estimated 375,000 children every year being delivered by mothers who use illegal drugs, very few have been tried and convicted. To prevent the dreadful future of these children, authorities have been arresting mothers whose newly-delivered children tested positive for illegal drugs and most cases are from South Carolina and Florida (Lewin, 1992). Jennifer Clarice Johnson is a twenty-three year old African-American woman residing in Florida, who was charged, tried and convicted with two-counts of delivery of illegal substance to a minor through the umbilical cord (Paltrow, 1992). In fact, Johnson was the first woman to be convicted of such case. The charges brought about to the penalty of one-year treatment sentence and fourteen years of probation. The case was filed on account of her two children, a son who was born 1987 and a daughter born 1989. Both children made a positive result for cocaine after being tested and made Ms. Johnson guilty on July the same year she gave birth to her youngest child- the daughter. Johnson admitted to the use of cocaine the day before her delivery of both children though both were delivered healthy and in full-term (Lewin, 1992). However, authorities pursued of trying her into courts which made her guilty of the case. The verdict however, gained media attention and several authorities of law gave their disappointed remarks regarding the ruling because of its unconstitutionality. THE LAW: PROCEDURES AND RULES OF LAW The Florida Supreme Court gave a guilty verdict on the Johnson, vs. State of Florida case due to several rules and laws which the court interpreted as applicable to the case at bar. First is that according to Section 893.13(1) (c) 1. Florida Statutes (1989), any person 18 years of age or older who uses a person under the age of 18 in the delivery of any controlled substance is unlawful (Johnson, vs. State of Florida, 1992). With this statute applied to Florida, the case of Johnson was formulated. After being convicted of the case filed against her, Johnson filed an appeal for the court to reverse the conviction casted upon her. And in the year 1992, the Florida Supreme Court has indeed reversed the ruling due to some more substantiated evidences and interpretations of law. In the Florida statute stated above, there is really a discrepancy in the use of the term delivery. Delivery in the statute unclearly refers to the delivery of drug through a mother's umbilical cord and that the legislative history does not manifest

Interactive Whiteboards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interactive Whiteboards - Essay Example "And the color, movement, sound and participation all come without messy chalk, stinky dry erase markers and copies of transparencies" (par. 2). Interactive whiteboards offer tremendous benefits not only for students, but also for teachers. They assist "people of many learning styles and save teachers time and space. Lessons can be saved into the system and can easily incorporate countless videos, maps, photos and websites. Teachers can pause videos and write notes on the screen, science classes can explore frogs through virtual dissection and geometry figures can be rotated, shrunk or expanded" (par. 18). In short, they make classroom instruction more efficient and learning more fun and interesting. The ability to harness the power, depth and breadth of the internet in this manner offers infinite new ways to try and reach out to students to grab their attention and improve their understanding of the material. There are many examples of ways in which this new technology has been and can be applied within the classroom. "Teachers can put a pyramid on the board and turn it so the class can see all the angles and sides. Students can count vertices by touching them on the board and setting them off in another color. Teachers can bounce between editing a paper on the board to searching for something online to illustrating what 1/16th of an inch looks like on a ruler" (par. 4). Any subject from math to literature to art and music can greatly benefit from these cybertronic chalkboards. This emerging hardware technology is significant because of its potential to revolutionize classrooms and teaching approaches. In the past, classroom instruction has tended to be one dimensional, very static, and non-interactive. Teachers would write on chalkboards or overhead slides, and would often be confined to the limited universe of often out-of-date instructional aids and materials to which they happened to have access. The ability of students to actively participate in a lesson, beyond raising their hand to answer the teacher's questions or make comments in a class discussion, was quite limited. With interactive whiteboards, teachers have the ability to take their lessons "outside of the box." Virtually any material available on the internet that pertains to the subject matter being taught can be summoned right then and there during a classroom lesson. This enables a much more detailed, nuanced and up-to-date discussion of the material. Further, students have a much greater opportunity to participate in the lesson in a meaningful way in which they can really interact with and digest the material. For example, at Centerville Elementary School in Minnesota, the technology prompted students to utilize their down time more productively, gathering around the board to review the material that had been taught earlier. "Using their fingers they dragged numbers on the screen into blank spots on a triangle as part of a math problem. When it's time for the class to leave for their next activity, one student pleads to the teacher, 'Can we check if it's right before we go'" (par. 11). As part of a literature lesson at the same school, teacher Tony Valenti used the device to bring to life the book

Nephrotoxic and Hepatotoxic Species of Mushrooms Essay

Nephrotoxic and Hepatotoxic Species of Mushrooms - Essay Example Mushrooms create helpful chemicals like amino acids and sugars from the decaying matters and feed on it (Triefeldt 42). In doing so, they enrich the soil and play an important role in the ecosystem (Triefeldt 42). More than 2000 species of mushrooms are known to exist (Pageaux and Larrey 827). However, as approximately 50 species of mushrooms are known to be poisonous for human beings, not all of them are safe to eat (Pageaux and Larrey 827). Hence, it is extremely necessary to distinguish between the mushrooms that are healthy to eat and mushrooms that are lethal for human life.  Ã‚              Human beings can obtain protein and vitamin B from mushrooms (Kemp 173). Benefits like boosting immune system and protection against cancer can be obtained from mushrooms (Kemp 173). However, these benefits can be availed only from those mushrooms that are not poisonous for health. The common varieties among the healthy mushrooms are the ‘button’ and ‘Portobello’ mushrooms (Kemp 173). Also, some of the other varieties of nonpoisonous mushrooms are ‘shitak,’ ‘common mycena,’ ‘parasol,’ ‘shaggy mane,’ ‘Mary russula,’ ‘edible boletus,’ ‘Aspen scaber stalk,’ ‘table mushrooms’ and ‘field mushrooms’ (Triefeldt 42). These are nonpoisonous mushrooms and hence, are not dangerous to health of human beings. However, there are other species of mushrooms which have the potential of not only affecting the human health negatively but also to cause death. Those species are discussed below.               In Western countries, one of the common emergencies in the medical field is the mushroom poisoning (Pageaux and Larry 827). The species of mushroom, known as ‘Amanita’ are the major cause behind most of the cases of mushroom poisoning in human beings (Pageaux and Larrey 827). The fatal phalloidian syndrome is also caused by mushroom species called ‘lepiota’ (Pageaux and Larrey 827). Health hazards like â€Å"abdominal pain, vomiting, weakness, hallucination or even death† can be caused to human beings if they eat mushrooms that contain chemical toxins (Triefeldt 42).

Importance Of Civil Engineering in Britain

Importance Of Civil Engineering in Britain Civil Engineering is the key to many of the issues affecting our daily lives. Civil engineers solve most problems and make our live easy and enjoyable. Civil engineering covers several specialized sectors including: buildings of all kinds as well as transport and communications infrastructure, production, storage and distribution of electricity gas and water. Most everything civil engineers do affects our daily lives in many ways. The operation of the infrastructure that surrounds us is the foundation of our society. This infrastructure includes roads, airports, railroads, buildings, bridges, water and wastewater treatment plants, sewers, drainage, flood control, water supply, landfills, and many other facilities. All these are the jobs for Civil Engineers. This essay is about importance of civil engineering in Britain and roles of civil engineering in Britain. I will do this by explaining water sewers, buildings, roads, stadiums development, wastewater treatment plants, energy development, york eco depot, airports, railroads, bridges and, sewers, drainage, flood control and water supply. Civil Engineers saved time, money and resources by demolishing an old seven-storey building in Londons Buckingham Palace Road and replacing it with a new building that re-used the foundation of the original building. This technique reduced construction risks associated digging new foundations in London clay near the Circle and District Underground line. If more new piles had simply been installed between existing ones this would have restricted the future development of the site. Great care was taken to prevent water produced during drilling from swelling the clay and reducing the strength of the foundations. Other challenges included testing the structural integrity of the original piles and identifying their exact location as the original pen and ink drawings only showed the building as designed, not as it was actually constructed. The essential engineering work to ease congestion around Heathrow Airport would have caused chaos along a 23km stretch of the M25. M25 is regarded as on of the busiest motorway in Europe, visit [http://www.bbcel.co.uk/news/631_key-milestone-complete-on-m25-junction-16-23 ]. As well as ensuring construction work did not create traffic jams engineers also had to find clever ways of widening the road within existing highway boundaries and without using any new land. Getting land from the motor ways central reservations as well as the hard shoulders and verges of the motor ways, the civil engineers increased Junctions 12 to 14 from four lanes to five lanes as well the Junction 15 from four lanes to six. Around ninety percentage of material used for this construction was recovered from the site and recycled. This technique not just reduced the congestion but also transport needed for the construction. On the night, when the natural awareness in so small and traffic queues are so small, the line closures are scheduled. This project was completed in 2005 before the time allocated without being seen the traffice congestions expected before the project has been started. Engineers worked together to define unique characteristics of the Wembley Stadium and create a new English national football stadium that just looks like the original old building. While most modern stadium are orientated North-South so that the players seen well on afternoon sun, this new stadium is orientated East-West, just like the original Wembley (thanks to knowledge of the civil engineers). Visit http://www.wembleystadium.com/buildingwembley for more information regarding this project. On sunny days the South side of the roof is retracted so the whole pitch is in sunlight. This avoids valuable seconds of play being lost to broadcasters as television cameras adjust from bright sun to shadow. The iconic arch spans 315m, are visible for over 20km, carries 70% of the roof load and removes the need for any structural columns. This means that, unlike the old stadium, all 90,000 seats has unobstructed views of the pitch. [http://www.wembleystadium.com/buildingwembley] To solve the crisis Hampshire and its partners created an action plan to reduce waste, increase composting and recycling, support anaerobic digestion, adopt recovery technologies and create up to five new facilities to process up to 200,000 tones of waste annually. The new Chineham Energy Recovery Facility is exceptional because engineers altered a standard building format to fit the small 1.4-hectare site of a former Basingstoke incinerator. The facility produces up to 8MW of power of which 1.25MW is used to operates the plant. The remaining 6.75MW is sufficient to supply 10,000 homes with electricity each year. The building is partly clad in light-reactive coated aluminum that changes color depending on light levels and weather to appear grey, blue or purple. Semi-opaque polycarbonate cladding allows natural light into the building and reduces electricity use. The tipping hall has a living roof covered with plants that change color seasonally and require no maintenance. Visit www.v eoliaenvironmentalservices.co.uk/Hampshire for more information regarding this project. Beddington Zero Energy Development, (BedZED) is regarded as an eye-catching and affordable housing community in South East England. Civil engineers worked to reduce the energy demands of 100 homes and 2,500m2 of commercial space, according to http://www.bioregional.com/what-we-do/our-work/bedzed. The civil engineers reduced the demand for energy with renewable resources including passive solar heating and wood-fuelled combined heat and power. These energy sources resulted by reducing fuel carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere to as well fossil energy development to zero. While BedZEDs tenants are assured an efficient energy lifestyles by using the techniques used by engineers to reduce the amount of energy they require. Visit www.bioregional.com for more information regarding this project. The civil engineers used their to help City of York Council to move its department for housing, waste and roads from an expensive to an attractive new cheaper building. The civil engineers knowledge resulted in using a technique that maximizes natural light and ventilation by using sensors that detect high temperature, rain or high wind and open and close windows accordingly. Rainfalls from the roof of the building is collected in what is known as the underground tanks and used to wash vehicles. This resulted by reducing water consumption around fifty percentage. The warehouse construction also reduces energy use by up to seventy-six percentages and the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions by up to one hundred and fifty five tones annually if compared when building to a traditionally built, air-conditioned office of the same size. The warehouse also includes an Interpretation Room that could be used for education of the community in the City of York Council. Visit [www.carillionplc.com ] for more information regarding this project. My conclusion is that the water we drink, the pavement we drive on, the air we breathe are the work of civil and environmental engineers literally surrounds us all. Transport systems join our communities together. Road, rail, air and sea networks span the world. All these are the work for civil engineers. Civil Engineers help us trade, travel, exchange ideas and information, and gain employment, healthcare and education. Our civilization is developing, but so too is our demand for electricity. Civil engineers are committed to protecting our natural resources, designing structures that use as little energy as possible. When it comes to providing energy for the entire planet, engineers are using nature to meet the needs of today and tomorrow. We should be proud of our civilization today, and its many great achievements. By applying the latest technologies, civil engineers can save structures and monuments from the distant past so that they can still be enjoyed well into the future. Civil engineers are using designs and materials that will protect our natural and cultural heritage for future generations. The civil engineering knowledge cannot be regarded as a new subject. It has been around for so many hundred years back to the Romans (for their ancient Roman civilization), Egyptians (best known for their building of the pyramids) and Mayans (the Mayans are people from America that have a history or around three thousand years) who built great civilizations before us, our civilization relies more than ever on the civil engineers whom the work on all the environment in and around us, such as the road, the bridges, the libraries, the buses, the trains, the aero planes, the water we consume in our every day life, the toilets that we use, the cars we drive, the houses we sleep, the shelters that we cover from the cold and hot and the many more things that we use in our daily life without them the life would now have been as the one we have today.

Essay --

Statement of Purpose Program Applied: Computing Science MSc - Course Work Option I am writing this statement of purpose in order to throw light on my career and education till now and in order to tell graduate admission committee that why I am applying for MSc in Computing Science at Simon Fraser University. Studying at an institute of the level of excellence as of your esteemed institute has been my dream ever since I chose to make my career in computer science. International standard institutions are known to provide highly efficient faculty, best equipments, labs, latest software and hardware etc. which helps students to think big, explore new ideas and enhances their professional skills leading to success in all aspects of life. I think I will be one step close to my dreams if I get admission at Simon Fraser University and hence be given a chance to prove my potential. Since my school days Computer Science and Mathematics have always been my favorite subjects and I have always scored well in these subjects. I am very hardworking...

Direct and Online Marketing †the New Marketing Model Essay

I. INTRODUCTION With the growth of the Internet community and the limitless possibilities the Internet gives to the single user, it didn’t take long before someone realized that the World Wide Web is a really good place for the commercial entrepreneur. So, very quickly the online market was born, offering almost all kinds of goods to be purchased and delivered to your door. This new online sensation was called electronic commerce, or ecommerce. E-commerce is a complex term referring to the process of selling and buying products and services over the Internet or other electronic systems. Considered as the sales aspect of the e-business, the electronic commerce has revolutionized trade as a routine activity for the contemporary man by bringing the marketplace to your home or the office, thus saving you time and efforts. The development of e-commerce has given birth to new terms such as electronic funds transfer, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), Internet marketing, automated data collection systems, etc. They all designate certain key components of the sophisticated e-commerce system. The majority of processes running within the e-commerce system are carried out on the World Wide Web. It is on the web where goods and services are presented through variously designed e-commerce websites to match the taste of a particular target audience. From there customers can order the desired items and pay for them in a variety of supported e-payment options such as credit cards, PayPal, etc. Certain e-commerce operations are executed via email as well. These may include sending order placement confirmations or electronic invoice notifications to the buyer’s personal mailbox after a particular purchase. Depending on the nature of the offered products and services, ecommerce operations may involve virtual and physical items. Due to the increasing use of the Internet in our daily lives, the percentage of the virtual items distributed through ecommerce is rapidly growing. These include services like buying admission to limited access websites or electronic versions of newspapers and magazines, online gaming, etc. Nevertheless, the majority of e-commerce transactions are still related to the purchase and transportation of physical items. As far as the parties involved in the online transaction process are concerned, ecommerce can be thought of as being business-to-consumer, more popular as B2C, and business-to-business, also known as B2B. The B2C ecommerce, conducted between business entities and consumers, includes all online stores (e-shops) offering retail products and services to end customers such as flower stores, shoe stores, furniture stores, etc. The B2B commerce, on the other hand, takes place between business entities only, such as wholesalers and retailers, on not that widely popular web stores. The rapid expansion of ecommerce has made it possible for almost all big retail companies to set up their own online stores with regularly updated content. Thus, it is now easier than ever to obtain an item from the latest collection of your favorite clothes brand, or be among the first to take advantage of a starting clearance campaign. Moreover, the ecommerce fashion is gradually ‘infecting’ smaller retail companies, which find it as a good chance to expand their reach to potential customers and increase the selling volumes. This trend is stimulated by the attractive low-cost ecommerce hosting services offered by different hosts on the web. II. ONLINE MARKETING Online marketing, also known as online advertisement, internet marketing, online marketing or e-marketing, is the marketing and promotion of products or services over the Internet. Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet and World Wide Web to deliver marketing messages to attract customers. TYPES OF ONLINE MARKETING * Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is the process of affecting the visibility of a website or a web page in a search engine’s â€Å"natural† or un-paid (â€Å"organic†) search results. In general, the earlier (or higher ranked on the search results page), and more frequently a site appears in the search results list, the more visitors it will receive from the search engine’s users. SEO may target different kinds of search, including image search, local search, video search, academic search, news search and industry-specific vertical search engines. As an Internet marketing strategy, SEO considers how search engines work, what people search for, the actual search terms or keywords typed into search engines and which search engines are preferred by their targeted audience. Optimizing a website may involve editing its content, HTML and associated coding to both increase its relevance to specific keywords and to remove barriers to the indexing activities of search engines. Promoting a site to increase the number of backlinks, or inbound links, is another SEO tactic. The plural of the abbreviation SEO can refer to â€Å"search engine optimizers,† those who provide SEO service. * Pay-Per-Click Advertising (also called cost per click) is an Internet advertising model used to direct traffic to websites, where advertisers pay the publisher (typically a website owner) when the ad is clicked. With search engines, advertisers typically bid on keyword phrases relevant to their target market. Content sites commonly charge a fixed price per click rather than use a bidding system. PPC â€Å"display† advertisements, also known as â€Å"banner† ads, are shown on web sites or search engine results with related content that have agreed to show ads. In contrast to the generalized portal, which seeks to drive a high volume of traffic to one site, PPC implements the so-called affiliate model that provides purchase opportunities wherever people may be surfing. It does this by offering financial incentives (in the form of a percentage of revenue) to affiliated partner sites. The affiliates provide purchase-point click-through to the merchant. It is a pay-for-performance model: If an affiliate does not generate sales, it represents no cost to the merchant. Variations include banner exchange, pay-per-click, and revenue sharing programs. Websites that utilize PPC ads will display an advertisement when a keyword query matches an advertiser’s keyword list, or when a content site displays relevant content. Such advertisements are called sponsored links or sponsored ads, and appear adjacent to, above, or beneath organic results on search engine results pages, or anywhere a web developer chooses on a content site. Among PPC providers, Google AdWords, Yahoo! Search Marketing, and Microsoft adCenter used to be the three largest network operators, and all three operate under a bid-based model. In 2010, Yahoo and Microsoft launched their combined effort against Google and Microsoft’s Bing began to be the search engine that Yahoo used to provide its search results. Since they joined forces, their PPC platform was renamed AdCenter. Their combined network of third party sites that allow AdCenter ads to populate banner and text ads on their site is called BingAds. The PPC advertising model is open to abuse through click fraud, although Google and others have implemented automated systems to guard against abusive clicks by competitors or corrupt web developers. * Email Marketing is directly marketing a commercial message to a group of people using email. In its broadest sense, every email sent to a potential or current customer could be considered email marketing. It usually involves using email to send ads, request business, or solicit sales or donations, and is meant to build loyalty, trust, or brand awareness. Email marketing can be done to either cold lists or current customer database. Broadly, the term is usually used to refer to: * Sending email messages with the purpose of enhancing the relationship of a merchant with its current or previous customers, to encourage customer loyalty and repeat business, * Sending email messages with the purpose of acquiring new customers or convincing current customers to purchase something immediately, * Adding advertisements to email messages sent by other companies to their customers Researchers estimate that United States firms alone spent US $1.51 billion on email marketing in 2011 and will grow to $2.468 billion by 2016. * Affiliate Marketing is a type of performance-based marketing in which a business rewards one or more affiliates for each visitor or customer brought about by the affiliate’s own marketing efforts. The industry has four core players: the merchant (also known as ‘retailer’ or ‘brand’), the network (that contains offers for the affiliate to choose from and also takes care of the payments), the publisher (also known as ‘the affiliate’), and the customer. The market has grown in complexity to warrant a secondary tier of players, including affiliate management agencies, super-affiliates and specialized third party vendors. Affiliate marketing overlaps with other Internet marketing methods to some degree, because affiliates often use regular advertising methods. Those methods include organic search engine optimization (SEO), paid search engine marketing (PPC – Pay Per Click), e-mail marketing, and in some sense display advertising. On the other hand, affiliates sometimes use less orthodox techniques, such as publishing reviews of products or services offered by a partner. Affiliate marketing is commonly confused with referral marketing, as both forms of marketing use third parties to drive sales to the retailer. However, both are distinct forms of marketing and the main difference between them is that affiliate marketing relies purely on financial motivations to drive sales while referral marketing relies on trust and personal relationships to drive sales. Affiliate marketing is frequently overlooked by advertisers. While search engines, e-mail, and website syndication capture much of the attention of online retailers, affiliate marketing carries a much lower profile. Still, affiliates continue to play a significant role in e-retailers’ marketing strategies. * Display Advertising is a type of advertising that typically contains text (i.e., copy), logos, photographs or other images, location maps, and similar items. In periodicals, display advertising can appear on the same page as, or on the page adjacent to, general editorial content. In contrast, classified advertising generally appears in a distinct section, was traditionally text-only, and was available in a limited selection of typefaces. Display advertisements are not required to contain images, audio, or video: Textual advertisements are also used where text may be more appropriate or more effective. An example of textual advertisements is commercial messages sent to mobile device users, or email. One common form of display advertising involves billboards. Posters, fliers, transit cards, tents, scale models are examples of display advertising.. Display advertising appears on web pages in many forms, including web banners. Banner ad standards continue to evolve. * Blogging. A weblog, also called a blog, is a journal that is maintained by a blogger and contains information that is instantly published to their blog website. Blogging is a very popular activity. The number of online users creating and maintaining blogs has increased dramatically over the past year. The number Internet users who read these blogs has also shot up, with some blogs boasting thousands, even millions of daily dedicated readers. Blog marketing is any process that publicizes or advertises a website, business, brand or service via the medium of blogs. This includes, but is not limited to marketing via ads placed on blogs, recommendations and reviews by the blogger, promotion via entries on third party blogs and cross-syndication of information across multiple blogs. * Community Building. An online community is a virtual community that exists online and whose members enable its existence through taking part in membership ritual. An online community can take the form of an information system where anyone can post content, such as a Bulletin board system or one where only a restricted number of people can initiate posts, such as Weblogs. Online communities have also become a supplemental form of communication between people who know each other primarily in real life. Many means are used in social separately or in combination, including text-based chat rooms and forums that use voice, video text or avatars. Significant socio-technical change may have resulted from the proliferation of such Internet-based social networks. * Social Media Marketing refers to the process of gaining website traffic or attention through social media sites. Social media marketing programs usually center on efforts to create content that attracts attention and encourages readers to share it with their social networks. A corporate message spreads from user to user and presumably resonates because it appears to come from a trusted, third-party source, as opposed to the brand or company itself. Hence, this form of marketing is driven by word-of-mouth, meaning it results in earned media rather than paid media. Social media has become a platform that is easily accessible to anyone with internet access. Increased communication for organizations fosters brand awareness and often, improved customer service. Additionally, social media serves as a relatively inexpensive platform for organizations to implement marketing campaigns. Social media marketing involves the use of social networks, COBRAs and eWOM to successfully advertise online. Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter provide advertisers with information about the likes and dislikes of their consumers. This technique is crucial, as it provides the businesses with a â€Å"target audience†. With social networks, information relevant to the user’s likes is available to businesses; who then advertise accordingly. Consumer’s online brand related activities (COBRAs) is another method used by advertisers to promote their products. An activity such as uploading a picture of your â€Å"new Converse sneakers to Facebook† is an example of a COBRA. Another technique for social media marketing is electronic word of mouth (eWOM). Electronic recommendations and appraisals are a convenient manner to have a product promoted via â€Å"consumer-to-consumer interactions†. An example of eWOM would be an online hotel review; the hotel company can have two possible outcomes based on their service. A good service would result in a positive review which gets the hotel free advertisement via social media; however a poor service will result in a negative consumer review which can potentially ruin the company’s reputation. ADVANTAGE OF ONLINE MARKETING These are some of the many advantages that online marketing offers over traditional media outlets: 1. Reduced Cost The starting cost of online marketing is only a fraction of the thousands of dollars that Yellow Pages, television and radio ads cost. For example, you can get a free listing on Google Local that will be just as effective as a costly online Yellow Pages ad. In addition, while traditional ads may only run for a short time, a search engine optimization campaign can deliver long-term results. You can also save money with online Pay-Per-Click advertising where it is easy to experiment with small ad volumes until you perfect your strategy and then expand your marketing budget when you are assured of a positive sales return. 2. Everything Is Measurable When you place an ad in the newspaper or a magazine, it can be difficult to assess the direct sales impact for your business. With online marketing, everything can be tracked and illustrated in detailed graphs that illustrate traffic growth, leads and sales conversions from your specific search marketing campaigns. Using a free traffic analysis tool like Google Analytics, it is easy to calculate your return on investment (ROI) so you can appreciate the excellent value generated from your online marketing budget. 3. Brand Engagement In the crowded market, you need to establish and maintain positive brand awareness and client loyalty. Apart from word-of-mouth and leveraging your personal relationships with your established clients, a website is the most important marketing tool a business can have. A regularly updated website with well-written content that maintains people’s interest is essential to showing people exactly how your business is distinctive – and how you offer the best value to your clients. 4. Demographic Targeting The degree to which an online marketing campaign can target and measure the response from specific demographics and regions is often astonishing to business owners who normally use traditional media. New demographic prediction and online advertising platforms allow you to specifically target the specific consumer demographics most likely to buy your products. In particular, if you want to target young people between the ages of 16-30, you’ll need an online marketing strategy to reach them where they spend the bulk of their time: On the Internet and on social media sites. 5. Real-Time Results With online marketing you don’t have to wait weeks to see a significant boost in your business. With a paid search marketing campaign you can experience real-time results that enable you to fine-tune your marketing message to achieve your desired effect. If your marketing strategy isn’t working effectively, real-time monitoring tools allow you to easily pin-point exactly where you are going wrong. 6. Easily Refine Your Strategy Using online marketing analytics and tracking tools you can test conversion rates at a fraction of the cost of a traditional media campaign. Online marketing levels the playing field and allows savvy small businesses to compete in competitive niches that previously would only be open to large corporations and their massive marketing budgets. If your marketing strategy is not bringing in the return on investment (ROI) that you desire, you can work to perfect it without having to launch an expensive new campaign as would be required with most traditional media outlets. 7. Long-Term Exposure The benefit of an organic search marketing campaign that optimizes a website for specific keywords is that you will achieve a long-term return on your investment. Once your website’s visibility is well-established with search engines, it is easy to do regular low-cost maintenance of your strategy. The early adopters of new online marketing platforms like social media marketing will have a significant head start over their competition. 8. Product Information Today’s savvy consumers want to compare reviews and opinions of friends, trusted bloggers and industry experts before they make a decision. If you can provide quality, linkable information that is what people are looking for, then the next step of converting users into paying clients can be very easy. With social media networks like Facebook and Twitter re-enforcing the value of positive word-of-mouth exposure, trust is more important than ever in the marketing field. 9. Less Intrusive Most savvy consumers dislike intrusive traditional marketing methods like direct mailing, print ads and television advertisements. When someone buys a newspaper or magazine, they want to read interesting articles not be bombarded with irrelevant ads. While mediums like television can still be useful for maintaining awareness of large corporate brands, it is not an effective medium for most small and medium-size businesses. With online marketing, you can target consumers precisely when they are searching for products and services that your business can provide. 10. Holds Their Attention When people read the newspaper or a magazine they may scan over the advertisements beside the article but there is no way to engage their attention. With online marketing you can encourage them to take action, visit your website and read about your products and services which results in vastly increased â€Å"stickiness† of your marketing message.